SciTransfer
SMARTLINE-PV · Project

Eco-friendly, High-Speed Production of Lead-Free Solar Panels for Buildings

energyTestedTRL 5

Imagine printing solar cells like a newspaper, but using a special plasma 'zap' to make the crystals grow perfectly and quickly. Instead of using toxic lead, this method uses tin to keep the environment safe. It also allows the panels to be made in different colors, making them look like regular building materials.

By the numbers
25%
Target efficiency of lead-free thin film PV
10%
Current PCE of DMSO-free solvent systems
400 nm
Tunable grain size of tin perovskite thin films
14.6%
Previously reported efficiencies for tin halide perovskites
The business problem

What needed solving

Current high-efficiency solar cells rely on toxic lead, creating environmental risks and regulatory hurdles. Additionally, scaling perovskite production to large areas often requires expensive, high-temperature processes that slow down manufacturing.

The solution

What was built

A plasma-assisted crystallization process for tin perovskite films and DMSO-free solvent systems for improved reproducibility.

Audience

Who needs this

BIPV manufacturersRoll-to-roll printing companiesSustainable building architectsThin-film solar cell producers
Business applications

Who can put this to work

Construction
enterprise
Target: BIPV (Building-Integrated PV) Manufacturer

If you are a building material supplier dealing with the aesthetic limitations of bulky blue panels — this project developed colored, flexible tin perovskite modules that integrate directly into architecture. This allows for energy generation without sacrificing design.

Solar Manufacturing
mid-size
Target: Thin-film PV Producer

If you are a manufacturer dealing with high energy costs and toxic waste from lead-based cells — this project developed a plasma-assisted crystallization process. It reduces manufacturing costs and energy consumption by avoiding high-temperature steps.

Green Electronics
SME
Target: Flexible Electronics SME

If you are a tech company dealing with the need for lightweight, non-toxic power sources — this project developed a roll-to-roll fabrication method for tin perovskites. This enables the mass production of flexible, sustainable solar films.

Frequently asked

Quick answers

How does this affect manufacturing costs?

The technology aims for a significant reduction in manufacturing costs compared to other thin-film technologies by eliminating high-temperature processing steps.

Can this be produced at an industrial scale?

Yes, the project focuses on roll-to-roll fabrication and plasma-assisted crystallization to enable large-scale commercialization of perovskite solar cells.

What is the IP or licensing status?

Based on available project data, specific licensing terms are not mentioned, but the project involves 13 partners including 6 industry players and 5 SMEs.

What is the expected efficiency of the final product?

The project objective is to achieve power conversion efficiencies of 25% for the lead-free thin film PV technology.

When will this be ready for the market?

The project runs from 2024-01-01 to 2027-06-30, with a target to reach TRL 5 through the fabrication of BIPV-demonstrators.

Consortium

Who built it

The consortium is heavily geared toward commercialization, with a 46% industry ratio consisting of 6 industrial partners, 5 of which are SMEs. This balance between 7 universities/research centers and 6 companies across 7 European countries suggests a strong pipeline from lab-scale plasma crystallization to industrial roll-to-roll application.

How to reach the team

Contact the Technical University of Graz (AT)

Next steps

Talk to the team behind this work.

Contact us to connect with the SMARTLINE-PV consortium for BIPV licensing opportunities.