SciTransfer
FRESH · Project

Renewable Energy Storage Using CO2-to-Liquid Formate Conversion and Fuel Cells

energyPrototypeTRL 4

Imagine turning excess wind or solar power into a stable liquid, like a battery in a tank, by capturing CO2. This liquid can be stored for months without losing energy, unlike traditional batteries that leak power. When you need electricity back, a special fuel cell turns that liquid back into power on demand.

By the numbers
4
Target Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
8
Total consortium partners
50%
Industry ratio in consortium
The business problem

What needed solving

Renewable energy is intermittent, causing price instability and power gaps. Current storage solutions often lack the capacity or stability for long-term seasonal energy shifting.

The solution

What was built

An integrated prototype (TRL 4) consisting of a CO2-to-potassium formate electrocatalytic reactor and a direct fuel cell for electricity recovery.

Audience

Who needs this

Renewable energy developersIndustrial CO2 emittersGrid stability operatorsLong-duration energy storage startups
Business applications

Who can put this to work

Renewable Energy Generation
enterprise
Target: Wind and Solar Farm Operators

If you are a farm operator dealing with intermittent power production and price volatility — this project developed a CO2-to-potassium formate process that stores excess energy for seasonal use. This allows for more predictable electricity prices and stable grid supply.

Industrial Carbon Capture
mid-size
Target: CO2-emitting Manufacturing Plants

If you are a factory dealing with high CO2 emissions and energy costs — this project developed an electrocatalytic reactor that converts captured CO2 into a storable energy carrier. This transforms a waste product into a valuable fuel source for on-site power.

Energy Storage Services
any
Target: Grid Storage Providers

If you are a storage provider dealing with the short lifespan of lithium batteries for long-term needs — this project developed a potassium formate storage system that remains stable for long periods in tanks. This enables seasonal energy shifting to balance summer and winter demand.

Frequently asked

Quick answers

How does this impact the cost of renewable energy?

The project aims to create a cost-competitive process that provides a cushion for intermittent generation, leading to more stable and predictable prices for renewable electricity.

What is the current industrial scale of the technology?

The project focuses on the construction and validation of an integrated prototype at TRL 4, rather than full-scale industrial deployment.

Are there IP or licensing details available?

Based on available project data, specific IP or licensing terms are not listed, though the project includes dedicated work packages for exploitation and dissemination.

How is the energy retrieved from the stored liquid?

The stored potassium formate is converted back into electricity on demand using a direct fuel cell system.

What is the timeline for the project's completion?

The project period runs from 2022-07-01 to 2025-12-31.

Consortium

Who built it

The consortium is heavily weighted toward commercial application, featuring a 50% industry ratio with 4 industrial partners and 3 SMEs. This balance, combined with 3 research institutes and 1 university across 6 countries, suggests a strong focus on moving the technology from the lab toward a viable market product.

How to reach the team

Contact the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) in Italy

Next steps

Talk to the team behind this work.

Contact us to explore licensing opportunities for TRL 4 formate storage prototypes.