SciTransfer
CO2 Battery · Project

Low-Cost Long Duration Energy Storage Using Liquid Carbon Dioxide

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Imagine a giant thermos that stores energy by turning carbon dioxide into a liquid and then back into a gas. Instead of using expensive chemicals or rare metals, it uses simple materials like steel and water. It acts like a massive rechargeable battery for the city, keeping wind and solar power ready for when the sun isn't shining.

By the numbers
183 €/kWh
CAPEX for First-of-a-Kind
75%
Round-trip efficiency (RTE)
68 €/MWh
Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS) for 10-hours
30 years
Plant lifespan
103 €/kWh
Projected CAPEX at 50 plants per year
The business problem

What needed solving

Renewable energy is intermittent, causing electricity price crashes and grid instability. Current storage solutions are too expensive, degrade quickly, or rely on rare materials, making long-duration storage (8+ hours) economically unviable.

The solution

What was built

A closed thermodynamic loop energy storage system using liquefied CO2 as the working fluid. It consists of modular plants built from steel, water, and CO2.

Audience

Who needs this

Utility companiesIndependent Power Producers (IPPs)Renewable energy developersEnergy transport and distribution operatorsLarge industrial energy consumers
Business applications

Who can put this to work

Utilities
enterprise
Target: Electrical Grid Operators

If you are a grid operator dealing with unstable electricity prices and intermittent renewables — this project developed a CO2-based storage system that offers a levelized cost of storage of 68 €/MWh for 10-hour storage.

Renewable Energy
enterprise
Target: Solar and Wind Farm Developers

If you are a developer dealing with energy waste during peak production hours — this project developed a modular storage solution with a round-trip efficiency greater than 75% to save power for later sale.

Industrial Manufacturing
mid-size
Target: Large C&I (Commercial and Industrial) Users

If you are a factory owner dealing with high energy costs and a need for backup power — this project developed a system with a lifespan of over 30 years and a CAPEX of 183 €/kWh for the first-of-a-kind plant.

Frequently asked

Quick answers

How does the cost compare to traditional lithium-ion batteries?

The CAPEX for the first-of-a-kind plant is 183 €/kWh, which is significantly lower than the 300 €/kWh typically seen for Li-ion batteries.

Can this technology be scaled for different energy needs?

Yes, the system is modular, and installing modules in parallel allows the plant to reach the desired capacity for any specific application.

What is the intellectual property or licensing status?

Based on available project data, the technology is developed by Energy Dome SPA, but specific licensing terms are not detailed in the report.

How long does the system last before needing replacement?

The use of off-the-shelf mature technologies and a simple process leads to a plant lifespan of more than 30 years.

Does the system rely on critical raw materials?

No, the plants are constructed using only steel, CO2, and water, ensuring CAPEX stability by avoiding rare or critical materials.

Consortium

Who built it

The project is led by a single Italian SME, Energy Dome SPA, which holds 100% of the industry ratio. This lean structure suggests a fast-track commercialization path where the coordinator maintains full control over the IP and deployment strategy without the complexity of a multi-partner academic consortium.

How to reach the team

Contact Energy Dome SPA in Italy for commercial licensing and FOAK installation inquiries.

Next steps

Talk to the team behind this work.

Contact us to connect with Energy Dome SPA for utility-scale storage integration.